This category includes companies that develop and manage electronic monitoring (EM) technologies used to monitor individuals in the U.S. who are awaiting trial, on probation or parole, or going through immigration deportation proceedings. This includes GPS tracking devices (such as ankle shackles), remote alcohol monitoring tools, data extraction tools, and other technologies of “e-carceration.” While marketed as “alternatives to incarceration,” these technologies have significantly increased the number of people under state supervision and created open-air digital prisons.
For our 2019 report about the e-carceration industry, see here.
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