One of the world’s largest fossil fuel companies, Shell is a major supplier of crude oil to Israel.
Oil produced by Shell is estimated to account for 5% of the total crude oil that Israel imported between October 2023 - July 2024, according to Oil Change International. This makes Shell one of the largest non-state oil suppliers for Israel. Shell produces this oil in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Italy.
Unlike fossil gas, which Israel produces itself, it completely relies on imports for its oil supply. Imported crude oil is refined in Israel into fuel and goes into the supply chain of local energy companies such as Bazan, Delek, Paz, and Sonol. These four companies are major fuel suppliers of the Israeli military, with Paz having a particularly controversial contract to supply jet fuel to the Israeli air force. The latter three companies are Israel’s largest commercial fuel suppliers, with gas stations across the country, including in Israel’s illegal settlements in the occupied Palestinian territory.